Repositories for Scientific 3D Models

A 3D model describes either a physical object or concept and these models play an increasing role in visualizing and understanding scientific data.  3D models can be created using modeling software, as an export from analysis tools (such as Matlab), or using a 3D scanner to digitize an existing object.  There are many motivations to incorporate 3D models in scientific research including aiding in visualization, creating customized lab or experimental equipment, and facilitating sharing of rare and fragile objects.

Below, I describe two major repositories that I recommend for patrons searching for scientific 3D models.  There are other 3D repositories, most notably Thingiverse.com and SketchFab, that also contain relevant 3D models but those are not specifically focused on supporting the storage and discoverability needs of researchers.

Morphosource.com is a 3D repository administered by Duke University that focuses on sharing collections in the natural sciences, including biological specimens and cultural heritage objects.  Currently there are over 1000 projects representing more than 41,000 physical objects with over 143,000 files associated.  Many of the collections are available to freely download but may not be suitable for all uses (such as 3D printing).  Potential data formats include surface meshes, CT scans, images, and videos.

The objects are grouped by collections and can be both browsed or searched by media, physical objects, organizations, or teams and projects (Figure 1).  One unique feature of Morphosource is that it allows contributors to associate specimens with their taxonomic names.  Potential contributors must provide an academic affiliation so models and projects are verified to be scientific-focused.

Figure 1: Screenshot of list of individual specimens that are part of a larger collection.  The “Publication Status” indicates if the records are publicly available and link to the individual record containing the 3D files.

Individual records (Figure 2) include a description, the taxonomy (if a specimen), and a viewer tool that permits the viewer to rotate and zoom into  the 3D model.  The record also describes the license assigned to the data and the provenance of its digitization.  Users will need to create an account to download files but accounts are free.

Figure 2: Screenshot of individual record, showing the object description, download links, and embedded model viewer.

NIH 3D Print Exchange: The Print Exchange has a broader focus than Morphosource with a general theme of biomedical 3D-printable models.  Collections include COVID-19 Response, Outbreak from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, e-NABLE Prosthetics, Neuroscience, Heart Library, and the RCSB Molecule of the Month.

Site visitors can browse the 3D models and then narrow down by category, author, and licensing restrictions (Figure 3).  Models can be contributed by any registered account holder, which does mean that users will need a critical eye towards verifying the accuracy and printability of the model.

Figure 3: Browsing 3D models in the NIH 3D Print Exchange

Many of the records include photos of actual builds, which are invaluable for 3D printing the model so that time and money isn’t wasted on unprintable files.  Within the individual record, the contributor can include information on the model creation, the license restrictions, and instructions on how to print or assemble the object.  There is an interactive model viewer so the site visitor can rotate and zoom to inspect the model.  Users can also select remix if they’ve used a 3D model to generate a new version.  These linkages help other users find relevant models and ensure that the originator of the file receives credit.  For users that attempt to 3D print a file, there is also a button (“I Printed This”) to upload an image of the print to show its success or failure.  Users can also rate and leave comments, further providing guidance to future visitors whether a model is suitable for use.

Overall, both the NIH 3D Print Exchange and Morphosource can be invaluable to scientists seeking to share their models, educators looking for models to print and share with their students, and general science enthusiasts interested in exploring and reproducing scientific discoveries in 3D.  The main caveats to share with patrons are that not all 3D models are printable or accurate and to pay attention to the license associated with the file that governs sharing, remixing, and commercial usage.

Figure 4: Screenshot of 3D model in NIH 3D Print Exchange

Sara Russell Gonzalez, Physical Sciences & Mathematics Librarian, 3D Services Coordinator, George A. Smathers Libraries, University of Florida

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